The Rise Of The Greek And Roman Empires - 991 Words

After the collapse of the Greek and Roman Empires, the renaissance was considered to be the rebirth of Europe. The renaissance held extraordinary discoveries such as paper, the printing press, clock, compass, and many more exciting and useful things that are used in the present. The renaissance also brought back the importance of politics, and of city-states and national monarchies. A major theme of the renaissance was humanism. Humanism was a theoretical movement which was created by earthlier men rather than scholarly lords. Beginning in Italy in the 15th century, humanism was dominated by men like Dante, and Petrarch. Humanism held many strong and important features such as; human nature and its manifestations and achievements as its main subject, dignity of man, and stressed unity and compatibility. Humanism also took place of the medieval ideals and was pushing to help a person break free from those ideals. Humanism sparked the ideals of the reformation and counter reformation. It also generated much of Europe’s vitality and attention. Another main theme was the High Renaissance, which was surrounded by three major artists; Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. Architecture was also an important theme in this era, as columns, domes, and arched windows were being put into action in the cathedrals around Europe. Leonardo Da Vinci, was considered one of the greatest artists of all time. He was a genius and was beyond just an artist. Being born in Vinci, Italy, heShow MoreRelatedEssay on Visually Appealing Films: 300, Rise of an Empire645 Words   |  3 Pages300, Rise of an Empire Honestly, the film looks visually appealing. The sequel hasn’t lost sight of what makes this franchise great, so it just enhances the visuals by making it sharper and the camera transitions smoother. But the story isn’t nearly as captivating. The film centers on Themistocles and Artemisia I of Caria, as well as Xerxes I of Persia. 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The Concept Of Postmodernism English Literature Essay free essay sample

In this essay I want to analyze how postmodernism is used throughout Don Delillo s White Noise and Caryl Churchill s Top Girls. Although each of the texts are really dissimilar they both concentrate on limitations in society, yet open up a whole new position to what these oppressive values truly do represent. Postmodern novels are known to be published after the Second World War. It was after the nineteenth century that modernism was introduced, where the restraints from society s values were rebelled against. However, in the last few decennaries, there is an apparent alteration that had occurred. Modernism focuses upon values that are suppressing in society, such as category, political relations, race and gender. Yet, postmodernism does nt concentrate on these facets in a manner that is disputing them ; it focuses more on a Utopian thought of the universe. It is where these restraints are non merely acknowledged, but disregarded as they should nt look to count merely because boundar ies in society should nt be an issue. Don Delillo s White Noise, was foremost published in 1984 and it looks into how the universe is altering through the medium of popular civilization, the media and most significantly, engineering. The reader is exposed to this through the eyes of the supporter, Jack Gladney who is a professor of Hitler surveies in a university. A major subject that occurs throughout the novel is the topic of decease. We see that Jack has a great fright of decease. However, in one of Jacks lectures he out of the blue confronts this fright by stating, All secret plans tend to travel deathward. [ 1 ]Here we can utilize postmodernism to understand the implicit in significances of this quotation mark. In the bulk of literary plants, a secret plan is defined as a concatenation of events in which a character experiences to travel to towards a concluding declaration or non in some instances, but it should take to an stoping. Yet, the reader discovers that Jack has a deformed position of the conventional plot line, and that everything will most surely lead him to decease, that decease is the ultimate stoping. It could be just to state that this is why a plotline about seems to be absent in the earlier chapters of the novel ; that there is nt the usual chronological order of a beginning, so a flood tide and a declaration. There is a sense that that Jack, alternatively of go oning forward in his life, is being held back by the mere idea of decease. He frequently thinks about whoA willA dieA foremost? [ 2 ], between him and Babette, his married woman, and about the clip of his ain decease. By utilizing an anachronic narration technique, it goes against the conformances of society and may be thought as one of the many features of postmodernism. The fresh tends to float back and Forth making a universe of disenchantment, pulverizing any sense of way. Another facet on which Delillo concentrates on throughout the first five chapters of White Noise is how advertisement, consumerism and popular c ivilization have major influences on the characters. At the college where Jack is a lector, they have a section that is dedicated to popular civilization. In the novel, Jack s co-worker Murray, discusses how he would wish to establish a class that is all about Elvis Presley, a batch like the current capable Jack Teachs about Hitler. Here it shows how something every bit fiddling as these surveies seem to be, they still matter to the professors at the college, even if other deem these topics to be undistinguished. It is besides apparent to the reader that Jack feels self image is of import and indispensable to 1s aura. When Jack was appointed as chair in the section of Hitler surveies, he was told to alter his image. Jack so begins to mention to himself at the college as J.A.K Gladney and wears dark spectacless to make a more academic expression. This alteration in visual aspect holds an extreme significance when sing Jacks character. Yet, as the reader sees, Jack becomes instead unc omfortable with the new individuality that he had created and becomes slightly removed from it, uncovering that Jack possesses ontological uncertainness. I am the false character that follows the name around [ 3 ]. When the novel progresses, a catastrophe happens, where a toxic gas is released in the air. When faced with the world of decease, Jack so longs to hold his professional garb with him, about to protect him from the world. It is noticeable that the imagination is powerful here for the supporter. When Jack is have oning his spectacless and gown, his sense of security is heightened, in comparing to when he is casually dressed, his exposure is seeable. In add-on to this, simulacra is besides present here because, the image that Jack tries to enforce so becomes more of import than his existent ego and in bend the representation of the image posses more importance than the image itself. When Jack is exposed to the toxic chemical, we see a plotline line get downing to emerge as J ack uncovers his exposure when he is faced with the impression of decease. In the novel, Jack is given a gift from his married woman s male parent. The gift is a gun. The gun is a powerful symbol, that Jack may be handed the thought of decease to him at the reasoning portion of the novel. This so consequences in him hiting Willie Mink and him gazing decease in the face. Another technique Dilillo frequently uses in White Noise is irony which is a cardinal constituent when sing postmodernism. An illustration of this would be the humourous proceedings that happen before Willie Mink is shot. Additionally, when Jack repeats the name of Hitler s Canis familiaris over and over during his talk, it brings a light sense of temper to a topic that should non be taken lightly. Therefore, giving the false feeling that the novels secret plan was non traveling to reason in inevitable decease and devastation. Something else that should be taken into consideration when looking at White Noise is, that it seems to be satirical of the chase to happen the significance of life. Murray is a premier illustration of this as he inquiries and analyses every platitude thing, particularly when mentioning to any signifier of engineering that surrounds him. In his basket in the supermarket, there is generic nutrient and drink, non-branded points in apparent white bundles. [ 4 ]This suggests that Murray does non conform to the consumerism that surrounds him, but challenges it. Another illustration is how Murray perceives the telecasting to be a powerful thing within society. Paranoia within this text besides specifies that this is postmodern literature. Associating to the compulsions with the impression of decease, many inquiries like WhoA willA dieA foremost? A A orA WhenA A willA A weA A dice? [ 5 ]A , indicate that paranoia is present in about every chapter. The concluding postmodern thought that is l aced throughout the novel is the construct of the technological civilization and the presence of hyper-reality within the consumer society, a society in which Jack is a portion of. The rubric itself is mentioning to the uninterrupted drone of the technological universe that surrounds Jack, which is something he hears often and links it to the impression of decease. It is because of budding engineering that the unreal universe and world become merged and it is ill-defined to see where world Michigans and phantasy Begins. This is apparent in chapter, when the fake emptying takes topographic point. What happens here is a real-life exigency is treated as a readying for the existent thing. So, the simulation has replaced the existent event. Therefore, the representation of the simulation has become more of import that the existent event itself. Noel King provinces in the article Reading White Noise: Floating Remarks that the novel is postmodern because it shows how we inhabit a historic al minute where the ficto-critical replaces the binary resistance of the fictional and the critical .[ 6 ]Delillo besides uses the image of the supermarket as one of a unafraid nature. In the 5th chapter, Jack feels slightly complete after shopping at that place. It could be said that the supermarket is the cardinal topographic point that allows an person to experience a sense of completeness in a consumer society. However, we see that this is non the instance for all the people that visit the supermarket. The older coevalss, such as the Treadwells, are intimidated by the supermarket. So, because of this incompatibility, this suggests that the supermarket is merely the semblance of security instead than really being a safe topographic point. In the last chapter of White Noise, the reader learns that clients become disrupted when supermarket is rearranged and that it puts them in a province of agitation and terror [ 7 ]It could be said that the consumers here, are being consum ed themselves merely because they are consumers. The characters relationship with engineering besides plays a big portion when sing postmodernism in this novel. It, like the supermarket, provides an unreal feeling of what security is. Examples include when Jack is watching telecasting with Babette on a Friday dark, he feels that this is a signifier of adhering for the household. Besides, after retreating money from an ATM machine, Jack feels in control. The last illustration of this is where Babette begins to take medicine, which is intended to ease her fright of decease. However, it has rather the opposite consequence and she becomes inward and later is unfaithful to Jack. Jack is so taken over with retaliation against the maker of the medicine, Willie Mink. Yet, when he feels he is ready to kill Willie Mink, Mink begins to lose his saneness. He finds himself addicted to watching the telecasting and commercials while taking the medicine. He about becomes one with the telecasting, b eing unable to separate between the advertizements and what they stand for. Again, here world becomes intertwined with the unreal universe. It could be said that Mink is the biggest victim of the consumer society in this novel. However, in Top Girls, the postmodern thoughts come to illume through a wholly different medium. Caryl Churchill uses gender functions as a manner of facing these issues in the drama. The drama adopts the concerns that society posses about modern feminism. It concentrates on the conformances that today s society struggles with such as: category divisions, gender stereotyping, agism and many others. The events that occur throughout the drama highlight these concerns through the manner they are depicted on phase and how they are performed. The supporter in Top Girls is Marlene. She represents the stereotyped myth of a calling adult female as being an edgy female who lacks maternal inherent aptitude. Here, Churchill uses this stereotype to dispute this myth, so as to misdirect the audience into being critical of the womens rightist hero and it does this unconsciously. The opening scene in Top Girls is set in a eating house. There is a jubilation go oning as Marlene has got a publicity to be a pull offing manager for the employment bureau Top Girls . There are five shade characters that join Marlene which are drawn from pictures, history and fiction. There is a thirteenth century concubine, but now a nun, Lady Nijo ; Isabella Bird, a Scotish nineteenth century traveler ; Dull Gret ; Patient Griselda, who ironically arrives late ; and eventually, Pope Joan who was the caput of the church in the ninth century and is disguised as a adult male. This group are supposed to stand for adult females who are brave and successful. However, because of the subjects of conversation, it is apparent that the overlapping narrative soliloquies, suggest that each have different independent political orientations. This scene is the most exceeding throughout the drama as it is the lone scene where all the characters are present at one clip and that it is an unrealistic happening. Looking at the whole drama, it displays many devices which are important. Like the supermarket in White Noise, in Top Girls, the cardinal image of the drama is the employment bureau, a company that finds profitable work for its patronage. The existent province of employment is besides a cardinal subject to the drama. Each of the characters involved when measuring their ain work. For illustration, Angie s is unsuitable to work, Joyce s work is unpaid as a female parent and married woman and Marlene s publicity. All these facets of work ( money, labor, success ) harv est up in conversation between the characters throughout the drama. The audience see that existent alteration for adult females within the bing work system is nt truly possible when the three interviews are carried out by Marlene, Win and Nell. We see in Act One that the secretary, Jeanine, is looking for better chances, nevertheless, Marlene is merely able to urge other places of the same work. Yet, Jeanine wants better money and a higher position, but Marlene advises her to cut down her aspirations. The most important and evident technique Churchill uses in the drama is that all the histrions are adult females. Theatre analyst and playwright Micheline Wandor states that the single-gendered drama may be unrealistic in the sense that we all inhabit a universe which consists of work forces and adult females, but it does supply an inventive chance to research the nature of the gendered position ( male or female ) without the complexnesss and supplantings of the mixed drama. [ 8 ]So, by excepting the usage of male characters, ironically, this enables the drama to interrupt away from the sexist conventions. Therefore, tricking the audience into believing the category battle is really a conflict of the sexes, which is the error that Marlene, Nell, Mrs Kidd, Win and Angie make. This suggests that the feminine position is besides competent of analyzing category divisions, and implementing a matriarchate that is like patriarchate based on these divisions. This is where feminism materializes in the drama. It is besides of import to analyze the different natures of adult females in the drama. First, there are the existent actresses, executing the functions that are besides female characters fictions and dramatis character. It would be just to state that Top Girls can be referred to as a adult females s drama merely because all of the histrions and characters are female, and ab initio, the cardinal focal point seem to be gender. However, this impression is removed fr om being the chief concern in this drama, about every bit shortly as it begins. As stated antecedently, the really first scene we see many different adult females from separate historical times and civilizations come together in jubilation for Marlene s publicity. Each of the six adult females represents the diverseness of civilizations and attitudes within the societies of their clip about gender, category, faith, therefore turn outing this is a postmodern text. This so dramatises absence of integrity between people of the same gender, who are affected by the deficiency of ideological integrity. Throughout the class of the drama, we see that Marlene s bourgeois manner of feminism is culturally conditions. This means that her promotional success does non dispute the patriarchal society, but conforms to the bing hierarchy. The statement between Marlene and Joyce in stoping scene high spots this point: Marlene: And for the state, come to that. Get the economic system back on its pess and swoosh. She s a tough lady, Maggie. I d give her a occupation. / She merely needs to hang in at that place. This state Joyce: You voted for them, did you? Marlene: demands to halt whining. / Monetarism is non stupid. Joyce: Drink your tea and close up, pet. Marlene: It takes clip, finding. No more swills. / And Joyce: Well I think they re foul assholes. Marlene: who s got to drive it on? First adult female premier curate. Terrifico. Ones. Right on. / You must acknowledge. Certainly gets my ballot. Joyce: What good s first adult female if it s her? I suppose you d hold liked Hitler if he was a adult female. Ms Hitler. Got a batch done, Hitlerina. / Great escapades. Marlene: Foremans still walking on the workers faces? Still Dadda s small parrot? Have nt you learned to believe for yourself? I believe in the person. Look at me. Joyce: I am looking at you. [ 9 ] By the usage of Marlene s duologue, the drama shifts the audience s perceptual experience of the obvious separation between male and female, to the implicit in subject of the separation between the oppressed and the oppressive. Even though in the society of the drama merely has adult females in it, domination is still present throughout as there are adult females in the drama that assume more powerful functions than others. So, it would be just to state that the rubric top misss is hence dry because if there are top misss there besides must be middle and bottom misss disclosure that there is evident category subjugation and hierarchy. Thus, doing it apparent that this is a postmodern novel. So, to reason, postmodernism is a huge and loose term that can be applied to many different things, such as literature, art and history. Whereas Don Delillo is fascinated with the go oning escalation of modern engineering and the strong influences of the media, Caryl Churchill focuses more on the gender and category subjugations that are faced in life. After analyzing both texts, postmodern literature places in on the relationships, conformances and values that exist in mundane society and is enthralled by the subjugations of modern-day bourgeois civilization. Word Count 2,945

RUNDOWN OKK Essays - , Term Papers, Research Papers

RUNDOWN OKK NO NAMA ACARA KETERANGAN ESTIMASI WAKTU PELAKSANAAN 1 Pembukaan Menyapa hadirin, basa-basi 5-10 menit 15.30-15.40 2 Sambutan dari KETUA RW ? 5 menit 15.40-15.45 3 Sambutan dari PEMBIMBING OKK Bpk yusa 5 menit 15.45-15.50 4 Sambutan dari PJ OKK Sdr. Fahmi 5 menit 15.50-15.55 5 Kuis 2x hadiah 5 menit 15.55-16.00 6 Senam Sehat Model 3 orang (lucia, , ) 15 menit 16.00-16.15 7 Doorprize 2x hadiah 5 menit 16.15-16.20 8 Penutupan Ucapan terimakasih, basa-basi 10 menit 16.20-16.30 9 Ramah tamah Berbaur dg masyarakat, dll X menit 16.30-selesai peserta hadir dengan registrasi (mengisi daftar hadir pada kertas folio yg sudah bernomor) di meja registrasi. Doorprize dipilih berdasarkan nomor yg tertera saat pengambilan potongan hvs pada wadah yg sudah disiapkan. Kuis dilaksanakan dengan cara tebak-tebakan pertanyaan umum. Pada saat ramah tamah, peserta okk diperkenankan mewawancarai warga dengan cara direkam video ttg pendapat warga mengenai diadakannya kegiatan senam sehat dan harapan warga ingin diadakan kegiatan apa ke depannya. RUNDOWN OKK NO NAMA ACARA KETERANGAN ESTIMASI WAKTU PELAKSANAAN 1 Pembukaan Menyapa hadirin, basa-basi 5-10 menit 15.30-15.40 2 Sambutan dari KETUA RW ? 5 menit 15.40-15.45 3 Sambutan dari PEMBIMBING OKK Bpk yusa 5 menit 15.45-15.50 4 Sambutan dari PJ OKK Sdr. Fahmi 5 menit 15.50-15.55 5 Kuis 2x hadiah 5 menit 15.55-16.00 6 Senam Sehat Model 3 orang (lucia, , ) 15 menit 16.00-16.15 7 Doorprize 2x hadiah 5 menit 16.15-16.20 8 Penutupan Ucapan terimakasih, basa-basi 10 menit 16.20-16.30 9 Ramah tamah Berbaur dg masyarakat, dll X menit 16.30-selesai peserta hadir dengan registrasi (mengisi daftar hadir pada kertas folio yg sudah bernomor) di meja registrasi. Doorprize dipilih berdasarkan nomor yg tertera saat pengambilan potongan hvs pada wadah yg sudah disiapkan. Kuis dilaksanakan dengan cara tebak-tebakan pertanyaan umum. Pada saat ramah tamah, peserta okk diperkenankan mewawancarai warga dengan cara direkam video ttg pendapat warga mengenai diadakannya kegiatan senam sehat dan harapan warga ingin diadakan kegiatan apa ke depannya. RUNDOWN OKK NO NAMA ACARA KETERANGAN ESTIMASI WAKTU PELAKSANAAN 1 Pembukaan Menyapa hadirin, basa-basi 5-10 menit 15.30-15.40 2 Sambutan dari KETUA RW ? 5 menit 15.40-15.45 3 Sambutan dari PEMBIMBING OKK Bpk yusa 5 menit 15.45-15.50 4 Sambutan dari PJ OKK Sdr. Fahmi 5 menit 15.50-15.55 5 Kuis 2x hadiah 5 menit 15.55-16.00 6 Senam Sehat Model 3 orang (lucia, , ) 15 menit 16.00-16.15 7 Doorprize 2x hadiah 5 menit 16.15-16.20 8 Penutupan Ucapan terimakasih, basa-basi 10 menit 16.20-16.30 9 Ramah tamah Berbaur dg masyarakat, dll X menit 16.30-selesai peserta hadir dengan registrasi (mengisi daftar hadir pada kertas folio yg sudah bernomor) di meja registrasi. Doorprize dipilih berdasarkan nomor yg tertera saat pengambilan potongan hvs pada wadah yg sudah disiapkan. Kuis dilaksanakan dengan cara tebak-tebakan pertanyaan umum. Pada saat ramah tamah, peserta okk diperkenankan mewawancarai warga dengan cara direkam video ttg pendapat warga mengenai diadakannya kegiatan senam sehat dan harapan warga ingin diadakan kegiatan apa ke depannya. RUNDOWN OKK NO NAMA ACARA KETERANGAN ESTIMASI WAKTU PELAKSANAAN 1 Pembukaan Menyapa hadirin, basa-basi 5-10 menit 15.30-15.40 2 Sambutan dari KETUA RW ? 5 menit 15.40-15.45 3 Sambutan dari PEMBIMBING OKK Bpk yusa 5 menit 15.45-15.50 4 Sambutan dari PJ OKK Sdr. Fahmi 5 menit 15.50-15.55 5 Kuis 2x hadiah 5 menit 15.55-16.00 6 Senam Sehat Model 3 orang (lucia, , ) 15 menit 16.00-16.15 7 Doorprize 2x hadiah 5 menit 16.15-16.20 8 Penutupan Ucapan terimakasih, basa-basi 10 menit 16.20-16.30 9 Ramah tamah Berbaur dg masyarakat, dll X menit 16.30-selesai peserta hadir dengan registrasi (mengisi daftar hadir pada kertas folio yg sudah bernomor) di meja registrasi. Doorprize dipilih berdasarkan nomor yg tertera saat pengambilan potongan hvs pada wadah yg sudah disiapkan. Kuis dilaksanakan dengan cara tebak-tebakan pertanyaan umum. Pada saat ramah tamah, peserta okk diperkenankan mewawancarai warga dengan cara direkam video ttg pendapat warga mengenai diadakannya kegiatan senam sehat dan harapan warga ingin diadakan kegiatan apa ke depannya. RUNDOWN OKK - MC 1 PEMBUKAAN 5"-10" SAMBUTAN KETUA RW 5" SAMBUTAN PEMBIMBING OKK 5" BPK. YUSA SAMBUTAN PJ OKK 5" SDR. FAHMI KUIS 5" SEBUAH PAPAN CATUR MEMILIKI KOTAK2 SEBANYAK? - 64 BURUNG YANG MENJADI LAMBANG POS INDONESIA? - WALET SENAM SEHAT 15" SDRI. LUCIA DOORPRIZE 5" *AMBIL UNDIANNYA PENUTUPAN 10" RAMAH TAMAH X" * FOTO BERSAMA, WAWANCARA, DLL RUNDOWN OKK - MC 2 PEMBUKAAN 5"-10" SAMBUTAN KETUA RW 5" SAMBUTAN PEMBIMBING OKK 5" BPK. YUSA SAMBUTAN PJ OKK 5" SDR. FAHMI KUIS 5" SEBUAH PAPAN CATUR MEMILIKI KOTAK2 SEBANYAK? - 64 BURUNG YANG MENJADI LAMBANG POS INDONESIA? - WALET SENAM SEHAT 15" SDRI. LUCIA DOORPRIZE 5" *AMBIL UNDIANNYA PENUTUPAN 10" RAMAH TAMAH X" * FOTO BERSAMA, WAWANCARA, DLL Daftar Hadir Senam Sehat di RW 6 Jatimukti - DOORPRIZES NO NAMA NO HP

The Formation of Planet Earth

The Formation of Planet Earth The formation and evolution of planet Earth is a scientific detective story that has taken astronomers and planetary scientists a lot of research to figure out. Understanding our worlds formation process not only gives new insight into its structure and formation, but it also opens new windows of insight into the creation of planets around other stars.   The Story Begins Long Before Earth Existed Earth was not around at the beginning of the universe. In fact, very little of what we see in the cosmos today was around when the universe formed some 13.8 billion years ago. However, to get to Earth, its important to start at the beginning, when the universe was young. It all started out with only two elements: hydrogen and helium, and a small trace of lithium. The first stars formed out of the hydrogen that existed. Once that process started,  generations of stars were born in clouds of gas. As they aged, those stars created heavier elements in their cores, elements such as oxygen, silicon, iron, and others. When the first generations of stars died, they scattered those elements to space, which seeded the next generation of stars. Around some of those stars, the heavier elements formed planets. The Birth of the Solar System Gets a Kick-start Some five billion years ago, in a perfectly ordinary place in the galaxy, something happened. It might have been a supernova explosion pushing a lot of its heavy-element wreckage into a nearby cloud of hydrogen gas and interstellar dust. Or, it could have been the action of a passing star stirring up the cloud into a swirling mixture. Whatever the kick-start was, it pushed the cloud into action which eventually resulted in the birth of the solar system. The mixture grew hot and compressed under its own gravity. At its center, a protostellar object formed. It was young, hot, and glowing, but not yet a full star. Around it swirled a disk of the same material, which grew hotter and hotter as gravity and motion compressed the dust and rocks of the cloud together. The hot young protostar eventually turned on and began to fuse hydrogen to helium in its core. The Sun was born. The swirling hot disk was the cradle where Earth and its sister planets formed. It wasnt the first time such a planetary system was formed. In fact, astronomers can see just this sort of thing happening elsewhere in the universe. While the Sun grew in size and energy, beginning to ignite its nuclear fires, the hot disk slowly cooled. This took millions of years. During that time, the components of the disk began to freeze out into small dust-sized grains. Iron metal and compounds of silicon, magnesium, aluminum, and oxygen came out first in that fiery setting. Bits of these are preserved in chondrite meteorites, which are ancient materials from the solar nebula. Slowly these grains settled together and collected into clumps, then chunks, then boulders, and finally bodies called planetesimals large enough to exert their own gravity.   Earth Is Born in Fiery Collisions As time went by, planetesimals collided with other bodies and grew larger. As they did, the energy of each collision was tremendous. By the time they reached a hundred kilometers or so in size, planetesimal collisions were energetic enough to  melt and vaporize  much of the material involved. The rocks, iron, and other metals in these colliding worlds sorted themselves into layers. The dense iron settled in the center and the lighter rock separated into a mantle around the iron, in a miniature of Earth and the other inner planets today. Planetary scientists call this settling process  differentiation.  It didnt just happen with planets, but also occurred within the larger moons and  the largest asteroids. The iron meteorites that plunge to Earth from time to time come from collisions between these asteroids in the distant past.   At some point during this time, the Sun ignited. Although the Sun was only about two-thirds as bright as it is today, the process of ignition (the so-called T-Tauri phase) was energetic enough to blow away most of the gaseous part of the protoplanetary disk. The chunks, boulders, and planetesimals left behind continued to collect into a handful of large, stable bodies in well-spaced orbits. Earth was the third one of these, counting outward from the Sun. The process of accumulation and collision was violent and spectacular because the smaller pieces left huge craters on the larger ones. Studies of the other planets show  these impacts and the evidence is strong that they contributed to catastrophic conditions on the infant Earth.   At one point early in this process a very large planetesimal struck Earth an off-center blow and sprayed much of the young Earths rocky mantle into space. The planet got most of it back after a period of time, but some of it collected into a second planetesimal circling Earth. Those leftovers are thought to have been part of the Moons formation story. Volcanoes, Mountains, Tectonic Plates, and an Evolving Earth The oldest surviving rocks on Earth were laid down some five hundred million years after the planet first formed. It ​and other planets suffered through whats called the late heavy bombardment of the last stray planetesimals around four billion years ago). The ancient rocks have been dated by the uranium-lead method  and appear to be about 4.03 billion years old. Their mineral content and embedded gases show that there were volcanoes, continents, mountain ranges, oceans, and crustal plates on Earth in those days. Some slightly younger rocks (about 3.8 billion years old) show tantalizing evidence of life on the young planet. While the eons that followed were full of strange stories and far-reaching changes, by the time the first life did appear, Earths structure was well-formed and only its primordial atmosphere was being changed by the onset of life. The stage was set for the formation and spread of tiny microbes across the planet. Their evolution ultimately resulted in the modern life-bearing world still filled with mountains, oceans, and volcanoes that we know today.  Its a world that is constantly changing, with regions where continents are pulling apart and other places where new land is being formed. These actions affect not just the planet, but life on it. The evidence for the story of Earths formation and evolution is the result of patient evidence-collecting from meteorites and studies of the geology of the other planets. It also comes from analyses of very large bodies of geochemical data, astronomical studies of planet-forming regions around other stars, and decades of serious discussion among astronomers, geologists, planetary scientists, chemists, and biologists. The story of Earth is one of the most fascinating and complex scientific stories around, with plenty of evidence and understanding to back it up.   Updated and rewritten by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Examining a Business Failure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Examining a Business Failure - Essay Example Two other recruitments to follow were that of Rebecca Mark and Jeff Skilling, both of whom were close accomplices of the CEO, and both of them strong enough to head new business lines of Enron. The CEO’s strong political back-up also helped the cause. While these new executives helped Enron spread its wings internationally into the energy market and energy financing, there was an unhealthy inter-personnel rivalry going on in the organization. The exit of Kinder as President fuelled the rivalry further, after Skilling was promoted as President of Enron. Mergers and acquisitions were a part of life at Enron, and soon the conglomerate, which started as a gas pipeline company, ventured into energy trading, and subsequently launched into new markets such as metals, paper, water and bandwidth. Enron was known as a â€Å"Takeover Tycoon† with a â€Å"Midas-touch†. However, most of these merger and acquisition decisions were taken not professionally, but for personal interests of the top executives who wanted to flex their own muscles within the organization to out power the other. Much to the surprise of the corporate world, the Enron ‘bubble’ burst in the year 2001, and investigations into this matter opened a can of worms, revealing that it was not only the Enron executives, but also the legal advisors, their accounting firm and security brokers were a part of the scandal. Keep a fair distance between political influence and business. Too much of political influence on business could prove hazardous. As for Enron’s case, their proximity to the political system helped them easily garner deregulations and other macro issues in their favor, much to the agony of the workers, pensioners and other stakeholders. Professional service providers such as that of accountants, lawyers, stock brokers, etc. should keep themselves away from ‘personal interests’ gained

ICD 9 to ICD 10 Regulations and Standards - Benefits and Challenges Article

ICD 9 to ICD 10 Regulations and Standards - Benefits and Challenges - Article Example It was first instituted in the mid 1970’s and is therefore almost forty years old. Along with being outdated, the codes for the older editions are at maximum capacity. Technically, the United States will be almost the last developed country to fully embrace ICD 10, as it had been in use in many countries since 1993. Actually it will be known in this country as ICD 10-CM, due to changes made to the version. The change from nine to ten was also necessitated by the increasing evolvement of informatics. Where edition nine can only utilize 13,600 volumes of code, ICD 10-CM can handle 69,000, an increase of over five hundred per cent (AAPC, 2012). Discussion Besides the added capacity of ICD 10-CM, there are various benefits it offers. First of all, part of the reason for the increased volume is the difference in the size of codes between the two. Nine has no more than five characters and is alpha numeric but only uses E or V (only in digit 1). ICD-10 has up to seven characters and is likewise alpha numeric but the difference is the alpha character can be any letter, first or last position. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (2010) defines the benefits (among others) as the ability to have a measurement device for care and efficiency, preventing public health risks (such as communicable diseases), streamlining payment devices, tracking and stopping fraud, and conducting policy and research. The attachments required by ICD-9 to diagnose a patient will also be greatly reduced in ten. With benefits of a new system there are also always challenges involved. First are the financial and resource liabilities payers will face for implementation, as it â€Å"will be a complex and painstaking process† (Thompson, 2011). Another problem for payers and health care staff alike is the training involved, both for the time constraints involved and moneys expended. Like Thompson points out however, training is tantamount, for health Workers entering the wrong codes could be disastrous and also result in delayed payments for their entity. Also, certain private payers such as Workmen’s Comp insurers are not required to transition to ICD 10-CM. So providers will have to face the economic and logistical nightmare of operating two different versions. Actually Kathleen Sebelius, the Secretary of US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) announced earlier this year that the deadline for ICD 10-CM has been extended for one year, until October 1, 2014. So hospitals have some breathing room. Cumberland Consulting Group specializes in helping healthcare facilities employ new technologies such as ICD 10-CM. Their Amanda Brenegan in an unbiased report on ten (Herman, 2012) points out over forty per cent of hospitals at least have a plan of implementation and many have already started the laborious process of training physicians and staff. However, she is critical in stating that the training is probably lacking, as most trainees donâ⠂¬â„¢t understand the concept of ICD 10-CM. Another hurdle facing hospitals is having to undergo too many transitions at once. Electronic Health Records (EHR) has already surpassed its October 3, 2012 deadline for incentive payments due to early implementation. In February of this year the National Institutes of Health (NIH) published a roadmap to help with the interaction of ICD 10-CM and the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT), which had been adopted by eighteen countries, including the US, Australia and Denmark.

How Modern Medical Technology is Easing Out Standard Physical Examination Essay Example for Free

How Modern Medical Technology is Easing Out Standard Physical Examination Essay In today’s time-constrained society, medical practitioners are noticeably turning to modern technology to pinpoint health problems of patients. Most new-generation doctors who rely a great deal on sophisticated machines in ascertaining medical issues faced by their patients illustrate a startling reality: the standard physical examination stands to be eased out. While science has made possible quicker, more convenient, and non-invasive ways of spotting and treating health disorders, being overly dependent on technology has its drawbacks. The problem with technology arises when doctors rush to order tests without first performing a thorough physical exam†¦ Doctors may be overly reliant on tests because they have confidence in the results; however, tests aren’t always accurate† (Max, 2009, par. 6). A seemingly better approach that redounds to patient benefit is the combination of modern technology with age-old practices that worked, notably a thorough physical examination done prior to tests or possible confinement and as part of the doctor’s hospital rounds. There are several factors contributing to the demise or exclusion of the standard physical examination in modern medical practice. For one, there is the shortage of medical personnel in certain localities. Harried doctors and nurses end up employing measures to maximize time. â€Å"Time constraints also discourage performing a complete physical during routine office visits. The managed care system pushes doctors to see patients as briefly as possible† (Obel, 2003, par. 6). The fact is that the physical examination â€Å"can be a valuable guide in deciding which tests to order and letting specialists know where to concentrate their efforts† (Obel, 2003, par. 7). Hence, the standard physical examination can greatly aid doctors in ruling out certain health issues, thereby saving time and money on unnecessary tests. However, new-generation doctors overlook these, believing that using sophisticated equipment is more effective in reaching an accurate medical analysis than conventional routine practices. Indeed, a professional diagnosis relying first and foremost on the standard physical examination appears to have been displaced by modern devices. The downside is the loss of human contact that most patients may still prefer. â€Å"There is an intangible benefit to the contact afforded by the physical exam†¦(it) can go a long way in establishing and building a good doctor-patient relationship† (Max, 2009, par. 11), something which most patients – from the very young to the elderly – yearn for. The emotional bonding between the healthcare giver and the patient is obliterated with less time allocated to examine patients. As seasoned medical practitioners decry the demise of the physical examination, which â€Å"can be therapeutic in itself† (Obel, 2003, par. 35), concerned medical institutions have instigated efforts to train and retrain medical interns on the vast range of medical approaches – including the routine physical examination. The increasingly important role of nurses, who can assume the vital task of resuscitating the fading practice of conducting a thorough physical examination and promoting human interaction, cannot be underestimated. Well-trained nurses who realize the value of human interaction can play significant role in fostering enhanced patient care and faster recovery. The upsurge in electronic technology users is another phenomenon affecting the demise of face-to-face interaction with physicians and the traditional physical examination. With many doctors nowadays dispensing medical advice online by relying purely on patient history and description of symptoms, thereby eliminating the need for a comprehensive physical examination, it becomes clear that modern trends are taking the place of traditional medical approaches. The inescapable fact is that medical practitioners cannot always totally rely on modern technology alone to ascertain patient needs. Even in modern times, there is a need to go back to basics, ingrain patient-oriented skills among the emerging crop of doctors, and revive conventional medical approaches like the physical examination.